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Investigating the Impact of a Virtual Experience Intervention on Stigma Reduction and Enhancement of Empathy for Schizophrenia

Natasha Thain

University of Huddersfield, UK

22 June 2024

Date of Publication: 

Key Words

Virtual Experience Intervention, Stigma, Empathy, Schizophrenia

Abstract

The stigma surrounding schizophrenia has severe consequences, with literature now suggesting a name change is required for the psychological difficulty in an attempt to destigmatise. Stigma has been reported to present via prejudice and discrimination, usually in the form of socially distancing and is comprised of three components; negative attitudes (stereotypes), negative emotions and a behavioural component (desire for social distancing). Attempts to reduce stigma have commonly been proposed via leaflets and video formats, however recently auditory hallucinations have been implemented with the aim of reducing stigma surrounding mental illnesses. Prolific auditory hallucination ‘Hearing Voices that are Distressing’ (Deegan, 1996) is most commonly used amongst this research, however indications suggest that the experience is too extreme and feeds into the pre-existing stereotypes, due to increases in the desire for social distancing after experiencing the intervention. Although, empathy is suggested to increase after experiencing Deegan’s ‘hearing Voices that are Distressing’. This research therefore examined a mild auditory hallucination, with no extreme content. Upon completion of the appropriate stigma measures, participants (n = 39) would listen to a pre-recorded mild auditory hallucination, whilst having a social interaction and then complete the stigma measures again. Results indicated a significant reduction in stereotypes (d = .78 95% CI 1.06 - .15) and social distancing (d = .50 95& CI .93 - .03), alongside an increase in empathy, but consequently it was not statistically significant. These findings propose that a mild auditory hallucination therefore provides a statistically significant stigma reduction intervention, that does not increase the desire for social distancing, however the sample is under powered due to a small sample size (n = 39) to comment on the precision of these findings amongst the general population, which requires further research.

Publisher: University Student Publishing Alliance, UK. Copyright © 2025

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