Women’s unique physiology and menstrual cycle-associated hormone variations are often not taken into account in psychological research. Findings from menopause and hormone treatment research point towards oestradiol having an impact on verbal skills and memory. Furthermore, menstrual cycle and neuroimaging studies suggest that oestradiol might have an additional benefit on motor and verbal learning, as well as modulating brain plasticity. Therefore, by employing a repeated measures design, this study aimed to investigate the effect of two menstrual cycle phases associated with high and low oestradiol on several aspects of cognition, including motor speed, verbal fluency, verbal learning, and memory. Moreover, a novel second hypothesis proposed that women in the late follicular phase (LFP) (high oestradiol phase) will experience a larger learning effect between the first and second sessions on the cognitive tests, in comparison to women in the early follicular phase (EFP) (low oestradiol phase). A series of mixed ANOVAs revealed a main effect of the LFP on a test involving motor and processing speed, as well as a procedural learning advantage when testing was started in the EFP on several tasks involving visual search, verbal learning and memory. These results hold important implications regarding women’s learning potential during low estradiol phases, such as menstruation, where learning tasks involving these skills might be easier. The current study’s findings lead to the conclusion that women’s unique hormonal profiles should be considered in psychological studies, as women might have an implicit learning advantage on several cognitive tasks.